Which option lists two protective factors that reduce adolescent substance use?

• A. Strong family support and involvement in school or extracurricular activities (also peer networks that discourage drug use)
• B. Strict isolation from peers; unsupervised free time
• C. High academic pressure without social support
• D. Access to multiple social groups with mixed messages

Answer: (A)

Strong family support and active involvement in school and extracurricular activities act as buffers against teen substance use by creating a reliable support system and meaningful, structured opportunities. When families stay engaged, teens receive guidance, monitoring, and warmth that boost resilience and help them handle peer pressure without turning to drugs. Being part of school and activities provides a sense of belonging, builds skills, and connects teens with peers and adults who value healthy choices, making abstaining from substances a shared norm within the group. Positive peer networks reinforce anti-drug norms and offer pro-social pathways, so choosing not to use substances feels supported and rewarding.

In contrast, isolating a teen from peers removes crucial social support and opportunities for positive interactions; unsupervised free time can increase opportunities for experimentation; high academic pressure without social backing adds stress and can drive coping through substances; and exposure to groups with mixed messages can undermine clear protective norms.